Kuba isoko ryizuba ryamafoto yizuba ryateye iterambere ryizubainverteringanda.Muri rusange, imirasire y'izuba igabanyijemo ubwoko butatu: guhinduranya hagati, guhinduranya imirongo, hamwe na micro inverter.
Inverteri yo hagati, ihuza mbere hanyuma igahinduka, ikwiranye cyane ninganda nini nini zishyizwe hamwe zifite urumuri rumwe.Bitewe nigiciro cyayo gito, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumashanyarazi manini manini yegeranye n’amashanyarazi nkinganda nini zifite urumuri rwizuba hamwe na sitasiyo yubutayu.
Imirongo ihindagurika ikoreshwa muguhindura hanyuma igahuza, cyane cyane kubisenge bito n'ibiciriritse hejuru y'inzu, amashanyarazi mato mato, nibindi bintu.Ibisabwa byo gusaba biratandukanye, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwamashanyarazi, nka sitasiyo yamashanyarazi, gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, hamwe n’amashanyarazi hejuru, hamwe nigiciro kiri hejuru gato ugereranije n’amashanyarazi.
Micro inverters ihindagurika kandi ihujwe na gride, cyane cyane ibereye murugo hamwe na bike byagabanijwe.Mubisanzwe, ingufu ziri munsi ya 1kw, cyane cyane zikoreshwa murugo rwagabanijwe hamwe n’inganda ntoya zagabanijwe mu nganda n’ubucuruzi hejuru y’amashanyarazi, ariko igiciro ni kinini, kandi biragoye kuwukomeza mugihe byananiranye.
Ubuyobozi buke
I.ingandambere ya 2010 ntabwo yari iy'Ubushinwa.Nka soko rikomeye ryamafoto y’amashanyarazi, Uburayi bwagize ibice birenga 60% byubushobozi bushya bw’amashanyarazi ku isi buri mwaka hagati ya 2004 na 2011. Nk’ingufu zikomeye z’amashanyarazi, SMA, igihangange gifotora amashanyarazi, yatangije bwa mbere inverteri y’amashanyarazi mu 1987, maze itangiza urutonde rwambere rwubucuruzi inverter hamwe na inverteri yibanze, iyobora inganda wishingikirije ibyiza bya tekiniki.
Isoko ryisi hafi ya ryonyine ryihariwe namasosiyete yuburayi, kandi mubintu 10 byambere byoherejwe na fotovoltaque inverter yoherejwe, usibye amasosiyete atatu yo muri Amerika ya ruguru, ayandi akomoka mu Burayi.Amasosiyete atanu yo mu Burayi, SMA, KACO, Fronius, Ingeteam, na Siemens yonyine, afite 70% by'imigabane ku isoko.Umugabane wisoko ryamasosiyete ya SMA wageze kuri 44%, bihwanye na kimwe cya kabiri cyisoko rya fotovoltaque.
Mu gihe iterambere ry’amafoto rikomeje kwiyongera mu Burayi, iterambere ry’amafoto y’Ubushinwa riracyari mu ntangiriro: kutagira ubushakashatsi mu ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ibikorwa byagezweho mu iterambere byabaye ikintu kinini kibuza iterambere.Nkuko twese tubizi, inverters ya fotovoltaque ihuza umurongo wa Photovoltaque hamwe na gride yamashanyarazi, ishobora guhindura ingufu za DC zakozwe na sisitemu mumashanyarazi ya AC isabwa mubuzima binyuze muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, kandi ishobora kwitwa umutima wa sisitemu yose ifotora.
Nka "ubwonko" bwa sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi, umusaruro wacyo nogukora bihuza tekinoroji yo gushushanya amashanyarazi, tekinoroji ya semiconductor, tekinoroji ya electronics, tekinoroji ya microcomputer, software algorithm ya software, nibindi. Mu nganda zikomeye cyane zisaba ubuhanga buhanitse ubufatanye kugirango burangire, inverters irasa nkabayobozi bakoresha ibindi bice n'ubwonko bwabo, kandi buri rugendo rwabo ruzagira ingaruka muburyo rusange bwa sisitemu yo gufotora.
Guhindura imikorere no kwizerwa nabyo byabaye ibipimo nyamukuru byo gusuzuma imikorere ya inverter.Igihe cyose ingufu zimaze kuba nyinshi, birashobora gusobanura igihombo gito, kikaba ari imwe mu ntambwe zingenzi zagaragaye mu kugabanya igiciro cy’amashanyarazi ku isaha ya kilowatt ku mishinga y’amafoto.Ukuboza 2003, Sungrow Power yashyizeho umuyoboro wa mbere w’amashanyarazi ya 10kW y’Ubushinwa uhuza inverter n’uburenganzira bw’umutungo bwite w’ubwenge, ukaba wateye intambwe igaragara mu guhindura imikorere bityo ugahagarika monopoliya z’amahanga.
Guhuza ububiko bwiza ni inzira byanze bikunze
Inverteri ya gride ihujwe na fotovoltaque inverter irashobora gukora inzira imwe gusa kuva DC ikagera kuri AC, kandi ikabyara amashanyarazi kumunsi.Imbaraga zitangwa nazo zishobora guterwa nikirere, gifite ibibazo bitateganijwe.Nyamara, inverter yo kubika ingufu ihuza ibikorwa bya fotokoltaque ya gride ihuza amashanyarazi hamwe na sitasiyo yo kubika ingufu, kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi iyo ari nyinshi, no guhinduranya ingufu z'amashanyarazi zabitswe mugihe bidahagije kugirango tuyisohore kuri gride, iringaniza ingufu itandukaniro ryimikoreshereze hagati yumunsi nijoro n'ibihe bitandukanye, Ifite uruhare mukwiyogoshesha no kuzuza ikibaya.
Ingufu zibika ingufu hamwe na gride ihuza inverter ifite tekinoroji imwe.Nubwo inzitizi zo gukingira hamwe na bffer zuzunguruka zitandukanye, ibyuma byububiko hamwe nuburyo bwa topologiya birasa, inzira rero yo kugabanya ibiciro irahuza cyane na Photovoltaicinverter.
Mu gihe gito, icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu no kuyishyiraho biterwa ahanini n’uruhande rwa politiki, kandi kikaba cyatewe n’imbogamizi z’ahantu ho kwinjirira no guhindagurika kw’amashanyarazi, guverinoma zitandukanye zihutishije ishyirwaho rya politiki zifatika zo gushishikariza isoko ryo kubika ingufu. .Intara zimwe n’imijyi yo mu Bushinwa byategetse kugabana no kubika ingufu nshya.
Mugihe kirekire, guhuza optique nububiko ni inzira byanze bikunze, kandi politiki igomba kubanza guteza imbere itangwa nububiko bwingufu nshya.Mubyigisho, mugihe ingufu za Photovoltaque zitangwa rwose, birakenewe gushiraho ububiko bwa 1: 3 kugeza 1: 5 kugirango tubone amashanyarazi adahagarara.Guhuza ububiko bwiza biteganijwe ko bizahinduka igisubizo cyingufu zisukuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-24-2023